Francis Szoka, PhD

Director of Faculty Engagement and Awards

Professor

Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences

[email protected]

Phone: +1 415 305-1882

Fax: +1 415 476-2744

Please update your Location In, Rm 001

UCSF Box 2911

' ', CA 00001

United States

Links

UCSF Profiles

Affiliations

What I do

I work with the dean as well as the vice dean of academic affairs to develop new avenues for incentivizing faculty success and retention.

During my research career, I applied biophysics, chemistry, and immunology to understand and devise better ways to deliver drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids to treat cancer and infectious diseases.

Departmental research area

drug development and regulatory sciences

therapeutic bioengineering

My research expertise

physico-chemical properties of phospholipid bilayers, biomembrane fusion, phospholipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) for pharmaceutical applications, macromolecule delivery across membrane, genetic disease, cancer, HIV vaccine, cell-based therapies

Professional background

Biography

The Szoka group applies chemical, biophysical and molecular biology approaches to devise vaccine, drug and nucleic acid delivery systems to treat cancer or infectious diseases. These systems can incorporate lipids, peptides, polymers and proteins. These drug carriers are composed of lipids, polymers, peptides or proteins. His group has extensively investigated the role of lipids in membrane fusion and his designed, synthesized and studied the mechanism of fusogenic peptides. With group members, he has published over 220 manuscripts and has received 35 U.S. patents. One FDA approved drug product Amphotec™ and one biotechnology product Superfect™ have been commercialized from the patents. In addition to his University commitments, Dr. Szoka is a founder of Sequus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., GeneMedicine, Inc., and ZoneOne Pharma, Inc. Sequus introduced sterically stabilized liposomes for anti-cancer drug delivery (Doxil™).

Research keywords

Gene Transfer Techniques
HIV vaccine
Drug Carriers
liposomes
Lipids
Cell-based Therapies
Plasmids
Lipid Bilayers
drug delivery systems
Gene Transfer Techniques
Phosphatidylethanolamines
Drug Carriers
doxorubicin
Phosphatidylcholines
Transfection
Polyethylene Glycols
liposomes
HIV Envelope Protein gp41
Polymers
Hyaluronic Acid
Lipids

1.	Fellow, National Academy of Inventors, 2019
2.	William M. Heller Mentor of the Year, American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education, 2016
3.	Dr. Rainer Hoffman Product Through Science Award, 2011
4.	University of North Carolina- GlaxoSmithKline Faculty Lecturer, 2008
5.	UCSF Outstanding Faculty Mentorship Award, 2007
6.	Tenth Alec Bangham Career Achievement Award for Outstanding Liposome Research Award, 2006
7.	America Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists- Career ResearchAchievement Award in Biotechnology, 2001
8.	American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy- Paul Dawson, 2000
9.	Biotechnology Award (July), 2000
10.	Honorary Doctorate in Pharmacy, University of Kuopio. Kuopio, Finland. (June), 2000
11.	Controlled Release Society, Jorge Heller Outstanding Paper Award, Journal of Controlled Release. Sh, 1997
12.	Glaxo Lecturer, University of North Carolina, School of Pharmacy. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1995
13.	Keynote Speaker, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Asilomar Retreat, Asilomar, California, 1995
14.	Walter F. Enz Lecturer, University of Kansas. Lawrence, Kansas, 1995
15.	Paul Neumann Prize Lecture (with Dr. Jean-Yves Legendre), 1994
16.	Fellow of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1990
17.	Louis W. Busse Lecturer, University of Wisconsin. Madison, Wisconsin, 1986
18.	Chancellor's Award for Academic Excellence, University of California San Francisco (with Dr Richard), 1980

Publications

Szoka FC. A hitchhiker's guide to mucosal and systemic immunity. Sci Transl Med. 2022 07 20; 14(654):eadc8697.

Zhou G, Chu S, Kohli A, Szoka FC, Gochin M. Biophysical studies of HIV-1 glycoprotein-41 interactions with peptides and small molecules - Effect of lipids and detergents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2020 12; 1864(12):129724.

Nguyen DN, Roth TL, Li PJ, Chen PA, Apathy R, Mamedov MR, Vo LT, Tobin VR, Goodman D, Shifrut E, Bluestone JA, Puck JM, Szoka FC, Marson A. Polymer-stabilized Cas9 nanoparticles and modified repair templates increase genome editing efficiency. Nat Biotechnol. 2020 Jan; 38(1):44-49.

Yoneshiro T, Wang Q, Tajima K, Matsushita M, Maki H, Igarashi K, Dai Z, White PJ, McGarrah RW, Ilkayeva OR, Deleye Y, Oguri Y, Kuroda M, Ikeda K, Li H, Ueno A, Ohishi M, Ishikawa T, Kim K, Chen Y, Sponton CH, Pradhan RN, Majd H, Greiner VJ, Yoneshiro M, Brown Z, Chondronikola M, Takahashi H, Goto T, Kawada T, Sidossis L, Szoka FC, McManus MT, Saito M, Soga T, Kajimura S. BCAA catabolism in brown fat controls energy homeostasis through SLC25A44. Nature. 2019 08; 572(7771):614-619.

Dolor A, Sampson SL, Lazar AA, Lotz JC, Szoka FC, Fields AJ. Matrix modification for enhancing the transport properties of the human cartilage endplate to improve disc nutrition. PLoS One. 2019; 14(4):e0215218.

Tang J, Srinivasan S, Yuan W, Ming R, Liu Y, Dai Z, Noble CO, Hayes ME, Zheng N, Jiang W, Szoka FC, Schwendeman A. Development of a flow-through USP 4 apparatus drug release assay for the evaluation of amphotericin B liposome. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2019 Jan; 134:107-116.

Dolor A, Kierstead P, Dai Z, Szoka FC. Correction: Sterol-modified PEG lipids: alteration of the bilayer anchoring moiety has an unexpected effect on liposome circulation. Chem Commun (Camb). 2018 11 13; 54(91):12891.

Dolor A, Kierstead P, Dai Z, Szoka FC. Sterol-modified PEG lipids: alteration of the bilayer anchoring moiety has an unexpected effect on liposome circulation. Chem Commun (Camb). 2018 Oct 28; 54(84):11949-11952.

Dolor A, Szoka FC. Digesting a Path Forward: The Utility of Collagenase Tumor Treatment for Improved Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm. 2018 06 04; 15(6):2069-2083.

Shaghaghi M, Keyvanloo A, Huang Z, Szoka FC, Thewalt JL. Constrained Versus Free Cholesterol in DPPC Membranes: A Comparison of Chain Ordering Ability Using Deuterium NMR. Langmuir. 2017 12 19; 33(50):14405-14413.

Lee S, Kivimäe S, Szoka FC. Clodronate Improves Survival of Transplanted Hoxb8 Myeloid Progenitors with Constitutively Active GMCSFR in Immunocompetent Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2017 Dec 15; 7:60-73.

Iman M, Huang Z, Alavizadeh SH, Szoka FC, Jaafari MR. Biodistribution and In Vivo Antileishmanial Activity of 1,2-Distigmasterylhemisuccinoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine Liposome-Intercalated Amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 09; 61(9).

Kieler-Ferguson HM, Chan D, Sockolosky J, Finney L, Maxey E, Vogt S, Szoka FC. Encapsulation, controlled release, and antitumor efficacy of cisplatin delivered in liposomes composed of sterol-modified phospholipids. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017 May 30; 103:85-93.

Tiffany M, Szoka FC. Co-localization of fluorescent labeled lipid nanoparticles with specifically tagged subcellular compartments by single particle tracking at low nanoparticle to cell ratios. J Drug Target. 2016 11; 24(9):857-864.

Yuan W, Kuai R, Dai Z, Yuan Y, Zheng N, Jiang W, Noble C, Hayes M, Szoka FC, Schwendeman A. Development of a Flow-Through USP-4 Apparatus Drug Release Assay to Evaluate Doxorubicin Liposomes. AAPS J. 2017 01; 19(1):150-160.

Lee S, Kivimäe S, Dolor A, Szoka FC. Macrophage-based cell therapies: The long and winding road. J Control Release. 2016 10 28; 240:527-540.

Kierstead PH, Okochi H, Venditto VJ, Chuong TC, Kivimae S, Fréchet JMJ, Szoka FC. The effect of polymer backbone chemistry on the induction of the accelerated blood clearance in polymer modified liposomes. J Control Release. 2015 Sep 10; 213:1-9.

Sockolosky JT, Szoka FC. The neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, as a target for drug delivery and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Aug 30; 91:109-24.

Venditto VJ, Dolor A, Kohli A, Salentinig S, Boyd BJ, Szoka FC. Sulfated quaternary amine lipids: a new class of inverse charge zwitterlipids. Chem Commun (Camb). 2014 Aug 21; 50(65):9109-11.

Sockolosky JT, Kivimäe S, Szoka FC. Fusion of a short peptide that binds immunoglobulin G to a recombinant protein substantially increases its plasma half-life in mice. PLoS One. 2014; 9(7):e102566.

Venditto VJ, Wieczorek L, Molnar S, Teque F, Landucci G, Watson DS, Forthal D, Polonis VR, Levy JA, Szoka FC. Chemically modified peptides based on the membrane-proximal external region of the HIV-1 envelope induce high-titer, epitope-specific nonneutralizing antibodies in rabbits. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2014 Aug; 21(8):1086-93.

Kohli AG, Kivimäe S, Tiffany MR, Szoka FC. Improving the distribution of Doxil® in the tumor matrix by depletion of tumor hyaluronan. J Control Release. 2014 Oct 10; 191:105-14.

Kohli AG, Kierstead PH, Venditto VJ, Walsh CL, Szoka FC. Designer lipids for drug delivery: from heads to tails. J Control Release. 2014 Sep 28; 190:274-87.

Ruhela D, Kivimäe S, Szoka FC. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of oligohyaluronan-lipid conjugates. Bioconjug Chem. 2014 Apr 16; 25(4):718-23.

Kohli AG, Kieler-Ferguson HM, Chan D, Szoka FC. A robust and quantitative method for tracking liposome contents after intravenous administration. J Control Release. 2014 Feb 28; 176:86-93.

Guo X, Gagne L, Chen H, Szoka FC. Novel ortho ester-based, pH-sensitive cationic lipid for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. J Liposome Res. 2014 Jun; 24(2):90-8.

Li M, Yasumura D, Ma AA, Matthes MT, Yang H, Nielson G, Huang Y, Szoka FC, Lavail MM, Diamond MI. Intravitreal administration of HA-1077, a ROCK inhibitor, improves retinal function in a mouse model of huntington disease. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2):e56026.

Kieler-Ferguson HM, Fréchet JM, Szoka FC. Clinical developments of chemotherapeutic nanomedicines: polymers and liposomes for delivery of camptothecins and platinum (II) drugs. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2013 Mar-Apr; 5(2):130-8.

Walsh CL, Nguyen J, Tiffany MR, Szoka FC. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of ionizable lysine-based lipids for siRNA delivery. Bioconjug Chem. 2013 Jan 16; 24(1):36-43.

Sockolosky JT, Szoka FC. Periplasmic production via the pET expression system of soluble, bioactive human growth hormone. Protein Expr Purif. 2013 Feb; 87(2):129-35.

Venditto VJ, Watson DS, Motion M, Montefiori D, Szoka FC. Rational design of membrane proximal external region lipopeptides containing chemical modifications for HIV-1 vaccination. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013 Jan; 20(1):39-45.

Venditto VJ, Szoka FC. Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers and so few drugs! Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013 Jan; 65(1):80-8.

Sockolosky JT, Tiffany MR, Szoka FC. Engineering neonatal Fc receptor-mediated recycling and transcytosis in recombinant proteins by short terminal peptide extensions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 02; 109(40):16095-100.

Motion JP, Nguyen J, Szoka FC. Phosphatase-triggered fusogenic liposomes for cytoplasmic delivery of cell-impermeable compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Sep 03; 51(36):9047-51.

Nguyen J, Walsh CL, Motion JP, Perttu EK, Szoka F. Controlled nucleation of lipid nanoparticles. Pharm Res. 2012 Aug; 29(8):2236-48.

Walsh CL, Nguyen J, Szoka FC. Synthesis and characterization of novel zwitterionic lipids with pH-responsive biophysical properties. Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jun 07; 48(45):5575-7.

Nguyen J, Szoka FC. Nucleic acid delivery: the missing pieces of the puzzle? Acc Chem Res. 2012 Jul 17; 45(7):1153-62.

Perttu EK, Kohli AG, Szoka FC. Inverse-phosphocholine lipids: a remix of a common phospholipid. J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Mar 14; 134(10):4485-8.

Kohli AG, Walsh CL, Szoka FC. Synthesis and characterization of betaine-like diacyl lipids: zwitterionic lipids with the cationic amine at the bilayer interface. Chem Phys Lipids. 2012 Feb; 165(2):252-9.

Perttu EK, Szoka FC. Zwitterionic sulfobetaine lipids that form vesicles with salt-dependent thermotropic properties. Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Dec 21; 47(47):12613-5.

Huang Z, Li W, Szoka FC. Asymmetric 1-alkyl-2-acyl phosphatidylcholine: a helper lipid for enhanced non-viral gene delivery. Int J Pharm. 2012 May 01; 427(1):64-70.

Foglia F, Barlow DJ, Szoka FC, Huang Z, Rogers SE, Lawrence MJ. Structural studies of the monolayers and bilayers formed by a novel cholesterol-phospholipid chimera. Langmuir. 2011 Jul 05; 27(13):8275-81.

Riviere K, Kieler-Ferguson HM, Jerger K, Szoka FC. Anti-tumor activity of liposome encapsulated fluoroorotic acid as a single agent and in combination with liposome irinotecan. J Control Release. 2011 Aug 10; 153(3):288-96.

Chen B, van der Poll DG, Jerger K, Floyd WC, Fréchet JM, Szoka FC. Synthesis and properties of star-comb polymers and their doxorubicin conjugates. Bioconjug Chem. 2011 Apr 20; 22(4):617-24.

Guy RH, Szoka FC. Perturbation of solute transport at a liquid-liquid interface by polyethylene glycol (PEG): implications for PEG-induced biomembrane fusion. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Mar 28; 13(12):5346-52.

Iman M, Huang Z, Szoka FC, Jaafari MR. Characterization of the colloidal properties, in vitro antifungal activity, antileishmanial activity and toxicity in mice of a di-stigma-steryl-hemi-succinoyl-glycero-phosphocholine liposome-intercalated amphotericin B. Int J Pharm. 2011 Apr 15; 408(1-2):163-72.

Floyd WC, Datta GK, Imamura S, Kieler-Ferguson HM, Jerger K, Patterson AW, Fox ME, Szoka FC, Fréchet JM, Ellman JA. Chemotherapeutic evaluation of a synthetic tubulysin analogue-dendrimer conjugate in c26 tumor bearing mice. ChemMedChem. 2011 Jan 03; 6(1):49-53.

Watson DS, Platt VM, Cao L, Venditto VJ, Szoka FC. Antibody response to polyhistidine-tagged peptide and protein antigens attached to liposomes via lipid-linked nitrilotriacetic acid in mice. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Feb; 18(2):289-97.

Motion JP, Huynh GH, Szoka FC, Siegel RA. Convection and retro-convection enhanced delivery: some theoretical considerations related to drug targeting. Pharm Res. 2011 Mar; 28(3):472-9.

Platt V, Huang Z, Cao L, Tiffany M, Riviere K, Szoka FC. Influence of multivalent nitrilotriacetic acid lipid-ligand affinity on the circulation half-life in mice of a liposome-attached His6-protein. Bioconjug Chem. 2010 May 19; 21(5):892-902.

van der Poll DG, Kieler-Ferguson HM, Floyd WC, Guillaudeu SJ, Jerger K, Szoka FC, Fréchet JM. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a robust, biodegradable dendrimer. Bioconjug Chem. 2010 Apr 21; 21(4):764-73.

Riviere K, Huang Z, Jerger K, Macaraeg N, Szoka FC. Antitumor effect of folate-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in KB tumor-bearing mice after intravenous administration. J Drug Target. 2011 Jan; 19(1):14-24.

Johansen EB, Szoka FC, Zaleski A, Apicella MA, Gibson BW. Utilizing the O-antigen lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli to interrogate the substrate specificities of exogenous glycosyltransferase genes in a combinatorial approach. Glycobiology. 2010 Jun; 20(6):763-74.

Fox ME, Guillaudeu S, Fréchet JM, Jerger K, Macaraeg N, Szoka FC. Synthesis and in vivo antitumor efficacy of PEGylated poly(l-lysine) dendrimer-camptothecin conjugates. Mol Pharm. 2009 Sep-Oct; 6(5):1562-72.

Fox ME, Szoka FC, Fréchet JM. Soluble polymer carriers for the treatment of cancer: the importance of molecular architecture. Acc Chem Res. 2009 Aug 18; 42(8):1141-51.

Huang Z, Hwang P, Watson DS, Cao L, Szoka FC. Tris-nitrilotriacetic acids of subnanomolar affinity toward hexahistidine tagged molecules. Bioconjug Chem. 2009 Aug 19; 20(8):1667-72.

Watson DS, Huang Z, Szoka FC. All-trans retinoic acid potentiates the antibody response in mice to a lipopeptide antigen adjuvanted with liposomal lipid A. Immunol Cell Biol. 2009 Nov-Dec; 87(8):630-3.

Watson DS, Szoka FC. Role of lipid structure in the humoral immune response in mice to covalent lipid-peptides from the membrane proximal region of HIV-1 gp41. Vaccine. 2009 Jul 23; 27(34):4672-83.

Chen B, Jerger K, Fréchet JM, Szoka FC. The influence of polymer topology on pharmacokinetics: differences between cyclic and linear PEGylated poly(acrylic acid) comb polymers. J Control Release. 2009 Dec 16; 140(3):203-9.

Park JI, Cao L, Platt VM, Huang Z, Stull RA, Dy EE, Sperinde JJ, Yokoyama JS, Szoka FC. Antitumor therapy mediated by 5-fluorocytosine and a recombinant fusion protein containing TSG-6 hyaluronan binding domain and yeast cytosine deaminase. Mol Pharm. 2009 May-Jun; 6(3):801-12.

Nasongkla N, Chen B, Macaraeg N, Fox ME, Fréchet JM, Szoka FC. Dependence of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution on polymer architecture: effect of cyclic versus linear polymers. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Mar 25; 131(11):3842-3.

Cohen RN, van der Aa MA, Macaraeg N, Lee AP, Szoka FC. Quantification of plasmid DNA copies in the nucleus after lipoplex and polyplex transfection. J Control Release. 2009 Apr 17; 135(2):166-74.

Huang Z, Jaafari MR, Szoka FC. Disterolphospholipids: nonexchangeable lipids and their application to liposomal drug delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009; 48(23):4146-9.

Huang Z, Szoka FC. Sterol-modified phospholipids: cholesterol and phospholipid chimeras with improved biomembrane properties. J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Nov 19; 130(46):15702-12.

Platt VM, Szoka FC. Anticancer therapeutics: targeting macromolecules and nanocarriers to hyaluronan or CD44, a hyaluronan receptor. Mol Pharm. 2008 Jul-Aug; 5(4):474-86.

MacKay JA, Li W, Huang Z, Dy EE, Huynh G, Tihan T, Collins R, Deen DF, Szoka FC. HIV TAT peptide modifies the distribution of DNA nanolipoparticles following convection-enhanced delivery. Mol Ther. 2008 May; 16(5):893-900.

Szoka F. Molecular biology. The art of assembly. Science. 2008 Feb 01; 319(5863):578-9.

Guillaudeu SJ, Fox ME, Haidar YM, Dy EE, Szoka FC, Fréchet JM. PEGylated dendrimers with core functionality for biological applications. Bioconjug Chem. 2008 Feb; 19(2):461-9.

Chen H, Zhang H, McCallum CM, Szoka FC, Guo X. Unsaturated cationic ortho esters for endosome permeation in gene delivery. J Med Chem. 2007 Sep 06; 50(18):4269-78.

Li W, Suez I, Szoka FC. Reconstitution of the M13 major coat protein and its transmembrane peptide segment on a DNA template. Biochemistry. 2007 Jul 24; 46(29):8579-91.

Li W, Szoka FC. Lipid-based nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery. Pharm Res. 2007 Mar; 24(3):438-49.

Karpuj MV, Giles K, Gelibter-Niv S, Scott MR, Lingappa VR, Szoka FC, Peretz D, Denetclaw W, Prusiner SB. Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides reduce PrP levels and prion infectivity in cultured cells. Mol Med. 2007 Mar-Apr; 13(3-4):190-8.

Huynh GH, Ozawa T, Deen DF, Tihan T, Szoka FC. Retro-convection enhanced delivery to increase blood to brain transfer of macromolecules. Brain Res. 2007 Jan 12; 1128(1):181-90.

Huang Z, Park JI, Watson DS, Hwang P, Szoka FC. Facile synthesis of multivalent nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and NTA conjugates for analytical and drug delivery applications. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 Nov-Dec; 17(6):1592-600.

Lee CC, Gillies ER, Fox ME, Guillaudeu SJ, Fréchet JM, Dy EE, Szoka FC. A single dose of doxorubicin-functionalized bow-tie dendrimer cures mice bearing C-26 colon carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 07; 103(45):16649-54.

Lee CC, Cramer AT, Szoka FC, Fréchet JM. An intramolecular cyclization reaction is responsible for the in vivo inefficacy and apparent pH insensitive hydrolysis kinetics of hydrazone carboxylate derivatives of doxorubicin. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 Sep-Oct; 17(5):1364-8.

Ruhela D, Riviere K, Szoka FC. Efficient synthesis of an aldehyde functionalized hyaluronic acid and its application in the preparation of hyaluronan-lipid conjugates. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 Sep-Oct; 17(5):1360-3.

Li W, Szoka FC. Bioresponsive targeted charge neutral lipid vesicles for systemic gene delivery. CSH Protoc. 2006 Jun 01; 2006(1).

Huang Z, Guo X, Li W, MacKay JA, Szoka FC. Acid-triggered transformation of diortho ester phosphocholine liposome. J Am Chem Soc. 2006 Jan 11; 128(1):60-1.

Lee CC, MacKay JA, Fréchet JM, Szoka FC. Designing dendrimers for biological applications. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Dec; 23(12):1517-26.

Huynh GH, Deen DF, Szoka FC. Barriers to carrier mediated drug and gene delivery to brain tumors. J Control Release. 2006 Jan 10; 110(2):236-259.

Lee CC, Yoshida M, Fréchet JM, Dy EE, Szoka FC. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of hydrophilic dendronized linear polymers. Bioconjug Chem. 2005 May-Jun; 16(3):535-41.

Gillies ER, Dy E, Fréchet JM, Szoka FC. Biological evaluation of polyester dendrimer: poly(ethylene oxide) "bow-tie" hybrids with tunable molecular weight and architecture. Mol Pharm. 2005 Mar-Apr; 2(2):129-38.

Huang Z, Li W, MacKay JA, Szoka FC. Thiocholesterol-based lipids for ordered assembly of bioresponsive gene carriers. Mol Ther. 2005 Mar; 11(3):409-17.

Tang MX, Li W, Szoka FC. Toroid formation in charge neutralized flexible or semi-flexible biopolymers: potential pathway for assembly of DNA carriers. J Gene Med. 2005 Mar; 7(3):334-42.

Choi SJ, Sperinde JJ, Szoka FC. Identification of a deoxyribonuclease I inhibitor from a phage-peptide library. Mol Cells. 2005 Feb 28; 19(1):54-9.

MacKay JA, Deen DF, Szoka FC. Distribution in brain of liposomes after convection enhanced delivery; modulation by particle charge, particle diameter, and presence of steric coating. Brain Res. 2005 Feb 28; 1035(2):139-53.

Li W, Huang Z, MacKay JA, Grube S, Szoka FC. Low-pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-stabilized plasmid nanolipoparticles: effects of PEG chain length, lipid composition and assembly conditions on gene delivery. J Gene Med. 2005 Jan; 7(1):67-79.

Cohen RN, Rashkin MJ, Wen X, Szoka FC. Molecular motors as drug delivery vehicles. Drug Discov Today Technol. 2005; 2(1):111-8.

Li W, Nicol F, Szoka FC. GALA: a designed synthetic pH-responsive amphipathic peptide with applications in drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Apr 23; 56(7):967-85.

Eliaz RE, Nir S, Marty C, Szoka FC. Determination and modeling of kinetics of cancer cell killing by doxorubicin and doxorubicin encapsulated in targeted liposomes. Cancer Res. 2004 Jan 15; 64(2):711-8.

Guo X, Huang Z, Szoka FC. Improved preparation of PEG-diortho ester-diacyl glycerol conjugates. Methods Enzymol. 2004; 387:147-52.

Eliaz RE, Nir S, Szoka FC. Interactions of hyaluronan-targeted liposomes with cultured cells: modeling of binding and endocytosis. Methods Enzymol. 2004; 387:16-33.

Sonawane ND, Szoka FC, Verkman AS. Chloride accumulation and swelling in endosomes enhances DNA transfer by polyamine-DNA polyplexes. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 07; 278(45):44826-31.

Guo X, Szoka FC. Chemical approaches to triggerable lipid vesicles for drug and gene delivery. Acc Chem Res. 2003 May; 36(5):335-41.

Swanson B, Savel R, Szoka F, Sawa T, Wiener-Kronish J. Development of a high throughput Pseudomonas aeruginosa epithelial cell adhesion assay. J Microbiol Methods. 2003 Mar; 52(3):361-6.

Choi JS, MacKay JA, Szoka FC. Low-pH-sensitive PEG-stabilized plasmid-lipid nanoparticles: preparation and characterization. Bioconjug Chem. 2003 Mar-Apr; 14(2):420-9.

Guo X, MacKay JA, Szoka FC. Mechanism of pH-triggered collapse of phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes stabilized by an ortho ester polyethyleneglycol lipid. Biophys J. 2003 Mar; 84(3):1784-95.

Mackay JA, Szoka FC. HIV TAT Protein Transduction Domain Mediated Cell Binding and Intracellular Delivery of Nanoparticles. J Dispers Sci Technol. 2003; 24(3):465-473.

Bronich TK, Ouyang M, Kabanov VA, Eisenberg A, Szoka FC, Kabanov AV. Synthesis of vesicles on polymer template. J Am Chem Soc. 2002 Oct 09; 124(40):11872-3.

Eliaz RE, Szoka FC. Robust and prolonged gene expression from injectable polymeric implants. Gene Ther. 2002 Sep; 9(18):1230-7.

Ihre HR, Padilla De Jesús OL, Szoka FC, Fréchet JM. Polyester dendritic systems for drug delivery applications: design, synthesis, and characterization. Bioconjug Chem. 2002 May-Jun; 13(3):443-52.

Padilla De Jesús OL, Ihre HR, Gagne L, Fréchet JM, Szoka FC. Polyester dendritic systems for drug delivery applications: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Bioconjug Chem. 2002 May-Jun; 13(3):453-61.

Uyechi LS, Gagné L, Thurston G, Szoka FC. Mechanism of lipoplex gene delivery in mouse lung: binding and internalization of fluorescent lipid and DNA components. Gene Ther. 2001 Jun; 8(11):828-36.

Supattapone S, Wille H, Uyechi L, Safar J, Tremblay P, Szoka FC, Cohen FE, Prusiner SB, Scott MR. Branched polyamines cure prion-infected neuroblastoma cells. J Virol. 2001 Apr; 75(7):3453-61.

Eliaz RE, Szoka FC. Liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin targeted to CD44: a strategy to kill CD44-overexpressing tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2001 Mar 15; 61(6):2592-601.

Sperinde JJ, Choi SJ, Szoka FC. Phage display selection of a peptide DNase II inhibitor that enhances gene delivery. J Gene Med. 2001 Mar-Apr; 3(2):101-8.

Guo X, Szoka FC. Steric stabilization of fusogenic liposomes by a low-pH sensitive PEG--diortho ester--lipid conjugate. Bioconjug Chem. 2001 Mar-Apr; 12(2):291-300.

Sparrer HE, Santoso A, Szoka FC, Weissman JS. Evidence for the prion hypothesis: induction of the yeast [PSI+] factor by in vitro- converted Sup35 protein. Science. 2000 Jul 28; 289(5479):595-9.

Choi SJ, Szoka FC. Fluorometric determination of deoxyribonuclease I activity with PicoGreen. Anal Biochem. 2000 May 15; 281(1):95-7.

Nicol F, Nir S, Szoka FC. Effect of phospholipid composition on an amphipathic peptide-mediated pore formation in bilayer vesicles. Biophys J. 2000 Feb; 78(2):818-29.

Ouyang M, Remy JS, Szoka FC. Controlled template-assisted assembly of plasmid DNA into nanometric particles with high DNA concentration. Bioconjug Chem. 2000 Jan-Feb; 11(1):104-12.

Urtti A, Polansky J, Lui GM, Szoka FC. Gene delivery and expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: effects of synthetic carriers, serum, extracellular matrix and viral promoters. J Drug Target. 2000; 7(6):413-21.

Hirota S, de Ilarduya CT, Barron LG, Szoka FC. Simple mixing device to reproducibly prepare cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes). Biotechniques. 1999 Aug; 27(2):286-90.

Barron LG, Gagné L, Szoka FC. Lipoplex-mediated gene delivery to the lung occurs within 60 minutes of intravenous administration. Hum Gene Ther. 1999 Jul 01; 10(10):1683-94.

Xu Y, Hui SW, Frederik P, Szoka FC. Physicochemical characterization and purification of cationic lipoplexes. Biophys J. 1999 Jul; 77(1):341-53.

Barron LG, Uyechi LS, Szoka FC. Cationic lipids are essential for gene delivery mediated by intravenous administration of lipoplexes. Gene Ther. 1999 Jun; 6(6):1179-83.

Nicol F, Nir S, Szoka FC. Orientation of the pore-forming peptide GALA in POPC vesicles determined by a BODIPY-avidin/biotin binding assay. Biophys J. 1999 Apr; 76(4):2121-41.

Plank C, Tang MX, Wolfe AR, Szoka FC. Branched cationic peptides for gene delivery: role of type and number of cationic residues in formation and in vitro activity of DNA polyplexes. Hum Gene Ther. 1999 Jan 20; 10(2):319-32.

Turunen MP, Hiltunen MO, Ruponen M, Virkamäki L, Szoka FC, Urtti A, Ylä-Herttuala S. Efficient adventitial gene delivery to rabbit carotid artery with cationic polymer-plasmid complexes. Gene Ther. 1999 Jan; 6(1):6-11.

Nir S, Nicol F, Szoka FC. Surface aggregation and membrane penetration by peptides: relation to pore formation and fusion. Mol Membr Biol. 1999 Jan-Mar; 16(1):95-101.

Peschka R, Dennehy C, Szoka FC. A simple in vitro model to study the release kinetics of liposome encapsulated material. J Control Release. 1998 Dec 04; 56(1-3):41-51.

Davis SC, Szoka FC. Cholesterol phosphate derivatives: synthesis and incorporation into a phosphatase and calcium-sensitive triggered release liposome. Bioconjug Chem. 1998 Nov-Dec; 9(6):783-92.

Wang J, Guo X, Xu Y, Barron L, Szoka FC. Synthesis and characterization of long chain alkyl acyl carnitine esters. Potentially biodegradable cationic lipids for use in gene delivery. J Med Chem. 1998 Jun 18; 41(13):2207-15.

Zelphati O, Uyechi LS, Barron LG, Szoka FC. Effect of serum components on the physico-chemical properties of cationic lipid/oligonucleotide complexes and on their interactions with cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Feb 16; 1390(2):119-33.

Barron LG, Meyer KB, Szoka FC. Effects of complement depletion on the pharmacokinetics and gene delivery mediated by cationic lipid-DNA complexes. Hum Gene Ther. 1998 Feb 10; 9(3):315-23.

Swaan PW, Szoka FC, Oie S. Molecular modeling of the intestinal bile acid carrier: a comparative molecular field analysis study. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 1997 Nov; 11(6):581-8.

Tang MX, Szoka FC. The influence of polymer structure on the interactions of cationic polymers with DNA and morphology of the resulting complexes. Gene Ther. 1997 Aug; 4(8):823-32.

Swaan PW, Hillgren KM, Szoka FC, Oie S. Enhanced transepithelial transport of peptides by conjugation to cholic acid. Bioconjug Chem. 1997 Jul-Aug; 8(4):520-5.

Szoka FC. Many are probed, but few are chosen. Nat Biotechnol. 1997 Jun; 15(6):509.

Felgner PL, Barenholz Y, Behr JP, Cheng SH, Cullis P, Huang L, Jessee JA, Seymour L, Szoka F, Thierry AR, Wagner E, Wu G. Nomenclature for synthetic gene delivery systems. Hum Gene Ther. 1997 Mar 20; 8(5):511-2.

Wyman TB, Nicol F, Zelphati O, Scaria PV, Plank C, Szoka FC. Design, synthesis, and characterization of a cationic peptide that binds to nucleic acids and permeabilizes bilayers. Biochemistry. 1997 Mar 11; 36(10):3008-17.

Kågedahl M, Swaan PW, Redemann CT, Tang M, Craik CS, Szoka FC, Oie S. Use of the intestinal bile acid transporter for the uptake of cholic acid conjugates with HIV-1 protease inhibitory activity. Pharm Res. 1997 Feb; 14(2):176-80.

Nicol F, Nir S, Szoka FC. Effect of cholesterol and charge on pore formation in bilayer vesicles by a pH-sensitive peptide. Biophys J. 1996 Dec; 71(6):3288-301.

Tang MX, Redemann CT, Szoka FC. In vitro gene delivery by degraded polyamidoamine dendrimers. Bioconjug Chem. 1996 Nov-Dec; 7(6):703-14.

Zelphati O, Szoka FC. Mechanism of oligonucleotide release from cationic liposomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 15; 93(21):11493-8.

Zelphati O, Szoka FC. Intracellular distribution and mechanism of delivery of oligonucleotides mediated by cationic lipids. Pharm Res. 1996 Sep; 13(9):1367-72.

Plank C, Mechtler K, Szoka FC, Wagner E. Activation of the complement system by synthetic DNA complexes: a potential barrier for intravenous gene delivery. Hum Gene Ther. 1996 Aug 01; 7(12):1437-46.

Xu Y, Szoka FC. Mechanism of DNA release from cationic liposome/DNA complexes used in cell transfection. Biochemistry. 1996 May 07; 35(18):5616-23.

van der Geest R, Hueber F, Szoka FC, Guy RH. Iontophoresis of bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides. Pharm Res. 1996 Apr; 13(4):553-8.

Levy MY, Barron LG, Meyer KB, Szoka FC. Characterization of plasmid DNA transfer into mouse skeletal muscle: evaluation of uptake mechanism, expression and secretion of gene products into blood. Gene Ther. 1996 Mar; 3(3):201-11.

Stull RA, Zon G, Szoka FC. An in vitro messenger RNA binding assay as a tool for identifying hybridization-competent antisense oligonucleotides. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 1996; 6(3):221-8.

Meyer KB, Thompson MM, Levy MY, Barron LG, Szoka FC. Intratracheal gene delivery to the mouse airway: characterization of plasmid DNA expression and pharmacokinetics. Gene Ther. 1995 Sep; 2(7):450-60.

Stull RA, Szoka FC. Antigene, ribozyme and aptamer nucleic acid drugs: progress and prospects. Pharm Res. 1995 Apr; 12(4):465-83.

Hickman MA, Malone RW, Lehmann-Bruinsma K, Sih TR, Knoell D, Szoka FC, Walzem R, Carlson DM, Powell JS. Gene expression following direct injection of DNA into liver. Hum Gene Ther. 1994 Dec; 5(12):1477-83.

Fattal E, Nir S, Parente RA, Szoka FC. Pore-forming peptides induce rapid phospholipid flip-flop in membranes. Biochemistry. 1994 May 31; 33(21):6721-31.

Sixou S, Szoka FC, Green GA, Giusti B, Zon G, Chin DJ. Intracellular oligonucleotide hybridization detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Feb 25; 22(4):662-8.

Haensler J, Szoka FC. Polyamidoamine cascade polymers mediate efficient transfection of cells in culture. Bioconjug Chem. 1993 Sep-Oct; 4(5):372-9.

Legendre JY, Szoka FC. Cyclic amphipathic peptide-DNA complexes mediate high-efficiency transfection of adherent mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Feb 01; 90(3):893-7.

Stull RA, Zon G, Szoka FC. Single-stranded phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides bind actinomycin D and interfere with tumor necrosis factor-induced lysis in the L929 cytotoxicity assay. Antisense Res Dev. 1993; 3(3):295-300.

Haensler J, Szoka FC. Synthesis and characterization of a trigalactosylated bisacridine compound to target DNA to hepatocytes. Bioconjug Chem. 1993 Jan-Feb; 4(1):85-93.

Legendre JY, Szoka FC. Delivery of plasmid DNA into mammalian cell lines using pH-sensitive liposomes: comparison with cationic liposomes. Pharm Res. 1992 Oct; 9(10):1235-42.

Stull RA, Taylor LA, Szoka FC. Predicting antisense oligonucleotide inhibitory efficacy: a computational approach using histograms and thermodynamic indices. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 11; 20(13):3501-8.

Kim A, Szoka FC. Amino acid side-chain contributions to free energy of transfer of tripeptides from water to octanol. Pharm Res. 1992 Apr; 9(4):504-14.

Woodle MC, Storm G, Newman MS, Jekot JJ, Collins LR, Martin FJ, Szoka FC. Prolonged systemic delivery of peptide drugs by long-circulating liposomes: illustration with vasopressin in the Brattleboro rat. Pharm Res. 1992 Feb; 9(2):260-5.

Szoka FC. The macrophage as the principal antigen-presenting cell for liposome-encapsulated antigen. Res Immunol. 1992 Feb; 143(2):186-8.

Green PG, Hinz RS, Kim A, Szoka FC, Guy RH. Iontophoretic delivery of a series of tripeptides across the skin in vitro. Pharm Res. 1991 Sep; 8(9):1121-7.

Goormaghtigh E, De Meutter J, Szoka F, Cabiaux V, Parente RA, Ruysschaert JM. Secondary structure and orientation of the amphipathic peptide GALA in lipid structures. An infrared-spectroscopic approach. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Jan 30; 195(2):421-9.

Chin DJ, Green GA, Zon G, Szoka FC, Straubinger RM. Rapid nuclear accumulation of injected oligodeoxyribonucleotides. New Biol. 1990 Dec; 2(12):1091-100.

Szoka FC. The future of liposomal drug delivery. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 1990 Oct; 12(5):496-500.

Parente RA, Nadasdi L, Subbarao NK, Szoka FC. Association of a pH-sensitive peptide with membrane vesicles: role of amino acid sequence. Biochemistry. 1990 Sep 18; 29(37):8713-9.

Parente RA, Nir S, Szoka FC. Mechanism of leakage of phospholipid vesicle contents induced by the peptide GALA. Biochemistry. 1990 Sep 18; 29(37):8720-8.

Chu CJ, Dijkstra J, Lai MZ, Hong K, Szoka FC. Efficiency of cytoplasmic delivery by pH-sensitive liposomes to cells in culture. Pharm Res. 1990 Aug; 7(8):824-34.

Roe JN, Szoka FC, Verkman AS. Fibre optic sensor for the detection of potassium using fluorescence energy transfer. Analyst. 1990 Apr; 115(4):353-8.

Dal Monte PR, Szoka FC. Antigen presentation by B cells and macrophages of cytochrome c and its antigenic fragment when conjugated to the surface of liposomes. Vaccine. 1989 Oct; 7(5):401-8.

Roe JN, Szoka FC, Verkman AS. Optical measurement of aqueous potassium concentration by a hydrophobic indicator in lipid vesicles. Biophys Chem. 1989 Jul; 33(3):295-302.

Patterson TF, Miniter P, Dijkstra J, Szoka FC, Ryan JL, Andriole VT. Treatment of experimental invasive aspergillosis with novel amphotericin B/cholesterol-sulfate complexes. J Infect Dis. 1989 Apr; 159(4):717-24.

Dal Monte P, Szoka FC. Effect of liposome encapsulation on antigen presentation in vitro. Comparison of presentation by peritoneal macrophages and B cell tumors. J Immunol. 1989 Mar 01; 142(5):1437-43.

Dijkstra J, Ryan JL, Szoka FC. A procedure for the efficient incorporation of wild-type lipopolysaccharide into liposomes for use in immunological studies. J Immunol Methods. 1988 Nov 10; 114(1-2):197-205.

Szoka FC, Chu CJ. Increased efficacy of phosphonoformate and phosphonoacetate inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 2 replication by encapsulation in liposomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988 Jun; 32(6):858-64.

Dijkstra J, Larrick JW, Ryan JL, Szoka FC. Incorporation of LPS in liposomes diminishes its ability to induce tumoricidal activity and tumor necrosis factor secretion in murine macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 1988 May; 43(5):436-44.

Parente RA, Nir S, Szoka FC. pH-dependent fusion of phosphatidylcholine small vesicles. Induction by a synthetic amphipathic peptide. J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 05; 263(10):4724-30.

Subbarao NK, Fielding CJ, Hamilton RL, Szoka FC. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation by synthetic amphipathic peptides. Proteins. 1988; 3(3):187-98.

Subbarao NK, Parente RA, Szoka FC, Nadasdi L, Pongracz K. pH-dependent bilayer destabilization by an amphipathic peptide. Biochemistry. 1987 Jun 02; 26(11):2964-72.

Barza M, Stuart M, Szoka F. Effect of size and lipid composition on the pharmacokinetics of intravitreal liposomes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1987 May; 28(5):893-900.

Bentz J, Ellens H, Szoka FC. Destabilization of phosphatidylethanolamine-containing liposomes: hexagonal phase and asymmetric membranes. Biochemistry. 1987 Apr 21; 26(8):2105-16.

Dijkstra J, Mellors JW, Ryan JL, Szoka FC. Modulation of the biological activity of bacterial endotoxin by incorporation into liposomes. J Immunol. 1987 Apr 15; 138(8):2663-70.

Szoka FC, Milholland D, Barza M. Effect of lipid composition and liposome size on toxicity and in vitro fungicidal activity of liposome-intercalated amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987 Mar; 31(3):421-9.

Szoka FC, Jones CS. Uptake of liposome-encapsulated agents. Methods Enzymol. 1987; 149:143-7.

Ellens H, Bentz J, Szoka FC. Fusion of phosphatidylethanolamine-containing liposomes and mechanism of the L alpha-HII phase transition. Biochemistry. 1986 Jul 15; 25(14):4141-7.

Ellens H, Bentz J, Szoka FC. Destabilization of phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes at the hexagonal phase transition temperature. Biochemistry. 1986 Jan 28; 25(2):285-94.

Bentz J, Ellens H, Lai MZ, Szoka FC. On the correlation between HII phase and the contact-induced destabilization of phosphatidylethanolamine-containing membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep; 82(17):5742-5.

Barza M, Baum J, Tremblay C, Szoka F, D'Amico DJ. Ocular toxicity of intravitreally injected liposomal amphotericin B in rhesus monkeys. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985 Aug 15; 100(2):259-63.

Ellens H, Bentz J, Szoka FC. H+- and Ca2+-induced fusion and destabilization of liposomes. Biochemistry. 1985 Jun 18; 24(13):3099-106.

Tremblay C, Barza M, Szoka F, Lahav M, Baum J. Reduced toxicity of liposome-associated amphotericin B injected intravitreally in rabbits. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985 May; 26(5):711-8.

Lai MZ, Vail WJ, Szoka FC. Acid- and calcium-induced structural changes in phosphatidylethanolamine membranes stabilized by cholesteryl hemisuccinate. Biochemistry. 1985 Mar 26; 24(7):1654-61.

Lai MZ, Düzgünes N, Szoka FC. Effects of replacement of the hydroxyl group of cholesterol and tocopherol on the thermotropic behavior of phospholipid membranes. Biochemistry. 1985 Mar 26; 24(7):1646-53.

Tremblay C, Barza M, Fiore C, Szoka F. Efficacy of liposome-intercalated amphotericin B in the treatment of systemic candidiasis in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984 Aug; 26(2):170-3.

Panosian CB, Barza M, Szoka F, Wyler DJ. Treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis with liposome-intercalated amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984 May; 25(5):655-6.

Barza M, Baum J, Szoka F. Pharmacokinetics of subconjunctival liposome-encapsulated gentamicin in normal rabbit eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984 Apr; 25(4):486-90.

Ellens H, Bentz J, Szoka FC. pH-induced destabilization of phosphatidylethanolamine-containing liposomes: role of bilayer contact. Biochemistry. 1984 Mar 27; 23(7):1532-8.

Szoka FC, Mayhew E. Alteration of liposome disposition in vivo by bilayer situated carbohydrates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Jan 14; 110(1):140-6.

Abra RM, Schreier H, Szoka FC. The use of a new radioactive-iodine labeled lipid marker to follow in vivo disposition of liposomes: comparison with an encapsulated aqueous space marker. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1982 Aug; 37(2):199-213.

Alroy J, Szoka FC, Heaney JA, Ucci AA. Lectins as a probe for carbohydrate residues in non-neoplastic urothelium of human urinary bladder. J Urol. 1982 Jul; 128(1):189-93.

Olson F, Mayhew E, Maslow D, Rustum Y, Szoka F. Characterization, toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of adriamycin encapsulated in liposomes. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1982 Feb; 18(2):167-76.

Kirkland JJ, Yau WW, Szoka FC. Sedimentation field flow fractionation of liposomes. Science. 1982 Jan 15; 215(4530):296-8.

Rustum YM, Mayhew E, Szoka F, Campbell J. Inability of liposome encapsulated 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine nucleotides to overcome drug resistance in L1210 cells. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1981 Jul; 17(7):809-17.

Szoka F, Magnusson KE, Wojcieszyn J, Hou Y, Derzko Z, Jacobson K. Use of lectins and polyethylene glycol for fusion of glycolipid-containing liposomes with eukaryotic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar; 78(3):1685-9.

Szoka F, Olson F, Heath T, Vail W, Mayhew E, Papahadjopoulos D. Preparation of unilamellar liposomes of intermediate size (0.1-0.2 mumol) by a combination of reverse phase evaporation and extrusion through polycarbonate membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Oct 02; 601(3):559-71.

Szoka F, Jacobson K, Derzko Z, Papahadjopoulos D. Fluorescence studies on the mechanism of liposome-cell interactions in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Jul 16; 600(1):1-18.

Szoka F, Papahadjopoulos D. Comparative properties and methods of preparation of lipid vesicles (liposomes). Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng. 1980; 9:467-508.

Near JA, Szoka FC, Olsen R, Ettinger MJ. Photoaffinity labeling of three renal cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate-binding proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Nov 01; 587(4):522-39.

Mayhew E, Rustum YM, Szoka F, Papahadjopoulos D. Role of cholesterol in enhancing the antitumor activity of cytosine arabinoside entrapped in liposomes. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 Nov-Dec; 63(11-12):1923-8.

Olson F, Hunt CA, Szoka FC, Vail WJ, Papahadjopoulos D. Preparation of liposomes of defined size distribution by extrusion through polycarbonate membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Oct 19; 557(1):9-23.

Saffran M, Franco-Saenz R, Kong A, Papahadjopoulos D, Szoka F. A model for the study of the oral administration of peptide hormones. Can J Biochem. 1979 Jun; 57(6):548-53.

Szoka FC, Jacobson K, Papahadjopoulos D. The use of aqueous space markers to determine the mechanism of interaction between phospholipid vesicles and cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Mar 08; 551(2):295-303.

Wu ES, Jacobson K, Szoka F, Portis A. Lateral diffusion of a hydrophobic peptide, N-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole gramicidin S, in phospholipid multibilayers. Biochemistry. 1978 Dec 12; 17(25):5543-50.

Szoka FC, Ettinger MJ. Adenosine 3' :5' -monophosphate-dependnet phosphorylations of renal subcellular fractions. Differences between cortical and medullary membrane preparations. J Biol Chem. 1978 Sep 25; 253(18):6536-43.

Szoka F, Papahadjopoulos D. Procedure for preparation of liposomes with large internal aqueous space and high capture by reverse-phase evaporation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Sep; 75(9):4194-8.