Sook Wah Yee, PhD

Associate Professor

Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences

[email protected]

Phone: +1 415 514-4363

Fax: +1 415 514-4361

1550 Fourth Street, Rm 584A

UCSF Box 2911

San Francisco, CA 94158

United States

Links

Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN) UCSF Profiles PGRN Hub

What I do

As a faculty member in the Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, I specialize in genetic variations in membrane transporters. By integrating data and knowledge, my work aims to explores the roles of membrane transporters in physiological processes, drug absorption, and elimination. I am also an associate director of pharmacogenomics research collaborating with Bani Tamraz, PhD, to promote pharmacogenomics research for the School of Pharmacy.

Departmental research area

pharmacogenomics and genomics

Professional background

Biography

My research project in laboratory of Dr. Kathy Giacomini focuses on genetic determinants of metformin response through genomewide association studies. In addition, my research also focuses on determining endogenous roles of membrane transporters through data from genomewide association studies and functional studies in cells. I am actively involved in Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN)-Hub (www.pgrn.org) to enhance scientific exchange and to expand the boundaries of understanding drug response within the context of precision medicine, both within the PGRN and between the PGRN and the scientific community at large. I work together with the team to create a robust PGRN website with multiple features and facilitating opportunities to access large resources that will enable collaborative research.

Research keywords

pharmacogenomics
Drug Action
pharmacy
therapeutics
membrane transporters
drug interactions
Thiamine
Organic Cation Transport Proteins
Pharmaceutical Research
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Polymorphism, Genetic
HEK293 Cells
Primates
Metformin
Pharmacogenomic Variants
Membrane Transport Proteins
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
pharmacokinetics
pharmacogenetics
Organic Cation Transporter 1

1.	Presidential Trainee Award, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Meeting, 2014
2.	Presidential Trainee Award, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Meeting, 2011
3.	Presentation Award Postdoctoral Research, 15th North American Regional ISSX Meeting, San Diego, 2008

Publications

Yee SW, Wang J, Giacomini KM. Rare Diseases Linked to Mutations in Vitamin Transporters Expressed in the Human Blood-Brain Barrier. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2024 Sep 05.

Zhao W, Wang X, Han L, Zhang C, Wang C, Kong D, Zhang M, Xu T, Li G, Hu G, Luo J, Yee SW, Yang J, Stahl A, Chen X, Zhang Y. SLC13A3 is a major effector downstream of activated β-catenin in liver cancer pathogenesis. Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 30; 15(1):7522.

Zhou X, Azimi M, Handin N, Riselli A, Vora B, Chun E, Yee SW, Artursson P, Giacomini KM. Proteomic Profiling Reveals Age-Related Changes in Transporter Proteins in the Human Blood-Brain Barrier. bioRxiv. 2024 Jul 27.

Rao J, Xin R, Macdonald C, Howard MK, Estevam GO, Yee SW, Wang M, Fraser JS, Coyote-Maestas W, Pimentel H. Rosace: a robust deep mutational scanning analysis framework employing position and mean-variance shrinkage. Genome Biol. 2024 05 24; 25(1):138.

Yee SW, Ferrández-Peral L, Alentorn-Moron P, Fontsere C, Ceylan M, Koleske ML, Handin N, Artegoitia VM, Lara G, Chien HC, Zhou X, Dainat J, Zalevsky A, Sali A, Brand CM, Wolfreys FD, Yang J, Gestwicki JE, Capra JA, Artursson P, Newman JW, Marquès-Bonet T, Giacomini KM. Illuminating the function of the orphan transporter, SLC22A10, in humans and other primates. Nat Commun. 2024 May 23; 15(1):4380.

Kulkarni CP, Yang J, Koleske ML, Lara G, Alam K, Raw A, Rege B, Zhao L, Lu D, Zhang L, Yu LX, Lionberger RA, Giacomini KM, Kroetz DL, Yee SW. Effect of Antioxidants in Medicinal Products on Intestinal Drug Transporters. Pharmaceutics. 2024 May 10; 16(5).

Yee SW, Macdonald CB, Mitrovic D, Zhou X, Koleske ML, Yang J, Buitrago Silva D, Rockefeller Grimes P, Trinidad DD, More SS, Kachuri L, Witte JS, Delemotte L, Giacomini KM, Coyote-Maestas W. The full spectrum of SLC22 OCT1 mutations illuminates the bridge between drug transporter biophysics and pharmacogenomics. Mol Cell. 2024 May 16; 84(10):1932-1947.e10.

Cater RJ, Mukherjee D, Gil-Iturbe E, Erramilli SK, Chen T, Koo K, Santander N, Reckers A, Kloss B, Gawda T, Choy BC, Zhang Z, Katewa A, Larpthaveesarp A, Huang EJ, Mooney SWJ, Clarke OB, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Kossiakoff AA, Quick M, Arnold T, Mancia F. Structural and molecular basis of choline uptake into the brain by FLVCR2. Nature. 2024 May; 629(8012):704-709.

Wu B, Yee SW, Xiao S, Xu F, Sridhar SB, Yang M, Hochstadt S, Cabral W, Lanfear DE, Hedderson MM, Giacomini KM, Williams LK. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Pharmacogenomic Variants Associated With Metformin Glycemic Response in African American Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2024 Feb 01; 47(2):208-215.

Galetin A, Brouwer KLR, Tweedie D, Yoshida K, Sjöstedt N, Aleksunes L, Chu X, Evers R, Hafey MJ, Lai Y, Matsson P, Riselli A, Shen H, Sparreboom A, Varma MVS, Yang J, Yang X, Yee SW, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Zhang L, Giacomini KM. Membrane transporters in drug development and as determinants of precision medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2024 04; 23(4):255-280.

Yee SW, Haldar T, Kvale M, Yang J, Douglas MP, Oni-Orisan A. SLCO1B1 functional variants and statin-induced myopathy in people with recent genealogical ancestors from Africa: a population-based real-world study. medRxiv. 2023 Dec 03.

Cater RJ, Mukherjee D, Iturbe EG, Erramilli SK, Chen T, Koo K, Grez NS, Reckers A, Kloss B, Gawda T, Choy BC, Zheng Z, Clarke OB, Yee SW, Kossiakoff AA, Quick M, Arnold T, Mancia F. Structural and molecular basis of choline uptake into the brain by FLVCR2. bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 05.

Yee SW, Ferrández-Peral L, Alentorn P, Fontsere C, Ceylan M, Koleske ML, Handin N, Artegoitia VM, Lara G, Chien HC, Zhou X, Dainat J, Zalevsky A, Sali A, Brand CM, Capra JA, Artursson P, Newman JW, Marques-Bonet T, Giacomini KM. Illuminating the Function of the Orphan Transporter, SLC22A10 in Humans and Other Primates. Res Sq. 2023 Sep 14.

Michel ME, Wen CC, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Hamdoun A, Nicklisch SCT. TICBase: Integrated Resource for Data on Drug and Environmental Chemical Interactions with Mammalian Drug Transporters. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023 12; 114(6):1293-1303.

Li JH, Perry JA, Jablonski KA, Srinivasan S, Chen L, Todd JN, Harden M, Mercader JM, Pan Q, Dawed AY, Yee SW, Pearson ER, Giacomini KM, Giri A, Hung AM, Xiao S, Williams LK, Franks PW, Hanson RL, Kahn SE, Knowler WC, Pollin TI, Florez JC, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:. Identification of Genetic Variation Influencing Metformin Response in a Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). Diabetes. 2023 08 01; 72(8):1161-1172.

Wen A, Zhu Y, Yee SW, Park BI, Giacomini KM, Greenberg AS, Newman JW. The Impacts of Slc19a3 Deletion and Intestinal SLC19A3 Insertion on Thiamine Distribution and Brain Metabolism in the Mouse. Metabolites. 2023 Jul 26; 13(8).

Lin TY, Mai QN, Zhang H, Wilson E, Chien HC, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Olgin JE, Irannejad R. Cardiac contraction and relaxation are regulated by distinct subcellular cAMP pools. Nat Chem Biol. 2024 Jan; 20(1):62-73.

Anita Wen, Andrew Greenberg, Kathleen Giacomini, John Newman, Brian Park, Sook Wah Yee, Ying Zhu. OR18-06-23 The Impacts of slc19a3 Deletion and Intestinal SLC19A3 Insertion on Thiamine Distribution and Brain Metabolism in the Mouse. Current Developments in Nutrition. 2023 Jul 1; 7:101796.

Yee SW, Macdonald C, Mitrovic D, Zhou X, Koleske ML, Yang J, Silva DB, Grimes PR, Trinidad D, More SS, Kachuri L, Witte JS, Delemotte L, Giacomini KM, Coyote-Maestas W. The full spectrum of OCT1 (SLC22A1) mutations bridges transporter biophysics to drug pharmacogenomics. bioRxiv. 2023 Jun 07.

Vora B, Wen A, Yee SW, Trinh K, Azimi M, Green EAE, Sirota M, Greenberg AS, Newman JW, Giacomini KM. The Effect of Trimethoprim on Thiamine Absorption: A Transporter-Mediated Drug-Nutrient Interaction. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023 08; 114(2):381-392.

Srinivasan S, Chen L, Udler M, Todd J, Kelsey MM, Haymond MW, Arslanian S, Zeitler P, Gubitosi-Klug R, Nadeau KJ, Kutney K, White NH, Li JH, Perry JA, Kaur V, Brenner L, Mercader JM, Dawed A, Pearson ER, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Pollin T, Florez JC. Initial Insights into the Genetic Variation Associated with Metformin Treatment Failure in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2023; 2023.

Azimi M, Yee SW, Riselli A, Silva DB, Giacomini CP, Giacomini KM, Brett CM. Characterization of P-glycoprotein orthologs from human, sheep, pig, dog, and cat. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2023 Nov; 46(6):401-412.

Giacomini KM, Yee SW, Koleske ML, Zou L, Matsson P, Chen EC, Kroetz DL, Miller MA, Gozalpour E, Chu X. New and Emerging Research on Solute Carrier and ATP Binding Cassette Transporters in Drug Discovery and Development: Outlook From the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022 09; 112(3):540-561.

Dawed AY, Yee SW, Zhou K, van Leeuwen N, Zhang Y, Siddiqui MK, Etheridge A, Innocenti F, Xu F, Li JH, Beulens JW, van der Heijden AA, Slieker RC, Chang YC, Mercader JM, Kaur V, Witte JS, Lee MTM, Kamatani Y, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Palmer CNA, Florez JC, Hedderson MM, 't Hart LM, Giacomini KM, Pearson ER, for MetGen Plus, for the DIRECT Consortium. Response to Comment on Dawed et al. Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Identifies Genetic Variants Associated With Glycemic Response to Sulfonylureas. Diabetes Care 2021;44:2673-2682. Diabetes Care. 2022 04 01; 45(4):e82-e83.

Cooper-DeHoff RM, Niemi M, Ramsey LB, Luzum JA, Tarkiainen EK, Straka RJ, Gong L, Tuteja S, Wilke RA, Wadelius M, Larson EA, Roden DM, Klein TE, Yee SW, Krauss RM, Turner RM, Palaniappan L, Gaedigk A, Giacomini KM, Caudle KE, Voora D. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for SLCO1B1, ABCG2, and CYP2C9 genotypes and Statin-Associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022 05; 111(5):1007-1021.

Chen EC, Matsson P, Azimi M, Zhou X, Handin N, Yee SW, Artursson P, Giacomini KM. High Throughput Screening of a Prescription Drug Library for Inhibitors of Organic Cation Transporter 3, OCT3. Pharm Res. 2022 Jul; 39(7):1599-1613.

Lei Zhang, Osatohanmwen J. Enogieru, Sook Wah Yee, Shiew-Mei Huang, Kathleen M. Giacomini. Chapter 13 Mechanisms and genetics of drug transport. . 2022 Jan 1; 213-239.

Yee SW, Giacomini KM. Emerging Roles of the Human Solute Carrier 22 Family. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Dec 17.

Dawed AY, Yee SW, Zhou K, van Leeuwen N, Zhang Y, Siddiqui MK, Etheridge A, Innocenti F, Xu F, Li JH, Beulens JW, van der Heijden AA, Slieker RC, Chang YC, Mercader JM, Kaur V, Witte JS, Lee MTM, Kamatani Y, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Palmer CNA, Florez JC, Hedderson MM, 't Hart LM, Giacomini KM, Pearson ER, for MetGen Plus, for the DIRECT Consortium, MetGen Plus investigators:. Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Identifies Genetic Variants Associated With Glycemic Response to Sulfonylureas. Diabetes Care. 2021 12; 44(12):2673-2682.

McInnes G, Yee SW, Pershad Y, Altman RB. Genomewide Association Studies in Pharmacogenomics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021 09; 110(3):637-648.

Yee SW, Vora B, Oskotsky T, Zou L, Jakobsen S, Enogieru OJ, Koleske ML, Kosti I, Rödin M, Sirota M, Giacomini KM. Drugs in COVID-19 Clinical Trials: Predicting Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions Using In Vitro Assays and Real-World Data. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021 07; 110(1):108-122.

Enogieru OJ, Koleske ML, Vora B, Ngo H, Yee SW, Chatad D, Sirota M, Giacomini KM. The Effects of Genetic Mutations and Drugs on the Activity of the Thiamine Transporter, SLC19A2. AAPS J. 2021 03 01; 23(2):35.

Yee SW, Buitrago D, Stecula A, Ngo HX, Chien HC, Zou L, Koleske ML, Giacomini KM. Deorphaning a solute carrier 22 family member, SLC22A15, through functional genomic studies. FASEB J. 2020 12; 34(12):15734-15752.

Lebouvier N, Pagniez F, Na YM, Shi D, Pinson P, Marchivie M, Guillon J, Hakki T, Bernhardt R, Yee SW, Simons C, Lézé MP, Hartmann RW, Mularoni A, Le Baut G, Krimm I, Abagyan R, Le Pape P, Le Borgne M. Synthesis, Optimization, Antifungal Activity, Selectivity, and CYP51 Binding of New 2-Aryl-3-azolyl-1-indolyl-propan-2-ols. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020 Aug 08; 13(8).

Chang YC, Wu JT, Hong MY, Tung YA, Hsieh PH, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Oyang YJ, Chen CY, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. GenEpi: gene-based epistasis discovery using machine learning. BMC Bioinformatics. 2020 Feb 24; 21(1):68.

Sook Wah Yee. SC1.3 - Influence of transporter polymorphisms on drug disposition and response: A Perspective from the international transporter consortium. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 2020 Jan 1; 35(1):s1.

Yee SW, Do TP, Huang SM, Krauss RM, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Unadkat JD, Giacomini KM. Expanding Precompetitive Multisector Collaborations to Advance Drug Development and Pharmacogenomics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020 01; 107(1):96-101.

Yee SW, Stecula A, Chien HC, Zou L, Feofanova EV, van Borselen M, Cheung KWK, Yousri NA, Suhre K, Kinchen JM, Boerwinkle E, Irannejad R, Yu B, Giacomini KM. Unraveling the functional role of the orphan solute carrier, SLC22A24 in the transport of steroid conjugates through metabolomic and genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet. 2019 09; 15(9):e1008208.

Brackman DJ, Yee SW, Enogieru OJ, Shaffer C, Ranatunga D, Denny JC, Wei WQ, Kamatani Y, Kubo M, Roden DM, Jorgenson E, Giacomini KM. Genome-Wide Association and Functional Studies Reveal Novel Pharmacological Mechanisms for Allopurinol. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 09; 106(3):623-631.

Enogieru OJ, Ung PMU, Yee SW, Schlessinger A, Giacomini KM. Functional and structural analysis of rare SLC2A2 variants associated with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome and metabolic traits. Hum Mutat. 2019 07; 40(7):983-995.

Yee SW, Giacomini MM, Shen H, Humphreys WG, Horng H, Brian W, Lai Y, Kroetz DL, Giacomini KM. Organic Anion Transporter Polypeptide 1B1 Polymorphism Modulates the Extent of Drug-Drug Interaction and Associated Biomarker Levels in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Transl Sci. 2019 07; 12(4):388-399.

Song W, Luo Q, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Liu Y, Ma Z, Guo J, Huang Y, Cheng L, Meng Z, Li Z, Zhang B, Li S, Yee SW, Fan H, Li P, Giacomini KM, Chen L. Organic cation transporter 3 (Oct3) is a distinct catecholamines clearance route in adipocytes mediating the beiging of white adipose tissue. PLoS Biol. 2019 01; 17(1):e2006571.

Ramamoorthy A, Yee SW, Karnes J. Unveiling the Genetic Architecture of Human Disease for Precision Medicine. Clin Transl Sci. 2019 01; 12(1):3-5.

Yu-Chuan Chang, June-Tai Wu, Ming-Yi Hong, Yi-An Tung, Ping-Han Hsieh, Sook Wah Yee, Kathleen M. Giacomini, Yen-Jen Oyang, Chien-Yu Chen, for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. GenEpi: Gene-based Epistasis Discovery Using Machine Learning. bioRxiv. 2018 Sep 20; 421719.

Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Taub ME, Chothe PP, Chu X, Giacomini KM, Kim RB, Ray AS, Stocker SL, Unadkat JD, Wittwer MB, Xia C, Yee SW, Zhang L, Zhang Y, International Transporter Consortium. Transporters in Drug Development: 2018 ITC Recommendations for Transporters of Emerging Clinical Importance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 11; 104(5):890-899.

Yee SW, Brackman DJ, Ennis EA, Sugiyama Y, Kamdem LK, Blanchard R, Galetin A, Zhang L, Giacomini KM. Influence of Transporter Polymorphisms on Drug Disposition and Response: A Perspective From the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 11; 104(5):803-817.

Srinivasan S, Yee SW, Giacomini KM. Pharmacogenetics of Antidiabetic Drugs. Adv Pharmacol. 2018; 83:361-389.

Zou L, Stecula A, Gupta A, Prasad B, Chien HC, Yee SW, Wang L, Unadkat JD, Stahl SH, Fenner KS, Giacomini KM. Molecular Mechanisms for Species Differences in Organic Anion Transporter 1, OAT1: Implications for Renal Drug Toxicity. Mol Pharmacol. 2018 07; 94(1):689-699.

Liang X, Yee SW, Chien HC, Chen EC, Luo Q, Zou L, Piao M, Mifune A, Chen L, Calvert ME, King S, Norheim F, Abad J, Krauss RM, Giacomini KM. Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) modulates multiple cardiometabolic traits through effects on hepatic thiamine content. PLoS Biol. 2018 04; 16(4):e2002907.

Rotroff DM, Yee SW, Zhou K, Marvel SW, Shah HS, Jack JR, Havener TM, Hedderson MM, Kubo M, Herman MA, Gao H, Mychaleckyi JC, McLeod HL, Doria A, Giacomini KM, Pearson ER, Wagner MJ, Buse JB, Motsinger-Reif AA, MetGen Investigators, ACCORD/ACCORDion Investigators. Genetic Variants in CPA6 and PRPF31 Are Associated With Variation in Response to Metformin in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2018 07; 67(7):1428-1440.

Relling MV, Krauss RM, Roden DM, Klein TE, Fowler DM, Terada N, Lin L, Riel-Mehan M, Do TP, Kubo M, Yee SW, Johnson GT, Giacomini KM. New Pharmacogenomics Research Network: An Open Community Catalyzing Research and Translation in Precision Medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Dec; 102(6):897-902.

Khuri N, Zur AA, Wittwer MB, Lin L, Yee SW, Sali A, Giacomini KM. Computational Discovery and Experimental Validation of Inhibitors of the Human Intestinal Transporter OATP2B1. J Chem Inf Model. 2017 06 26; 57(6):1402-1413.

Chen EC, Khuri N, Liang X, Stecula A, Chien HC, Yee SW, Huang Y, Sali A, Giacomini KM. Discovery of Competitive and Noncompetitive Ligands of the Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1; SLC22A1). J Med Chem. 2017 04 13; 60(7):2685-2696.

Luizon MR, Eckalbar WL, Wang Y, Jones SL, Smith RP, Laurance M, Lin L, Gallins PJ, Etheridge AS, Wright F, Zhou Y, Molony C, Innocenti F, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Ahituv N. Genomic Characterization of Metformin Hepatic Response. PLoS Genet. 2016 Nov; 12(11):e1006449.

Giacomini KM, Yee SW, Mushiroda T, Weinshilboum RM, Ratain MJ, Kubo M. Genome-wide association studies of drug response and toxicity: an opportunity for genome medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017 Jan; 16(1):1.

Goswami S, Yee SW, Xu F, Sridhar SB, Mosley JD, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Maeda S, Davis RL, Roden DM, Hedderson MM, Giacomini KM, Savic RM. A Longitudinal HbA1c Model Elucidates Genes Linked to Disease Progression on Metformin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov; 100(5):537-547.

Yee SW, Giacomini MM, Hsueh CH, Weitz D, Liang X, Goswami S, Kinchen JM, Coelho A, Zur AA, Mertsch K, Brian W, Kroetz DL, Giacomini KM. Metabolomic and Genome-wide Association Studies Reveal Potential Endogenous Biomarkers for OATP1B1. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov; 100(5):524-536.

Zhou K, Yee SW, Seiser EL, van Leeuwen N, Tavendale R, Bennett AJ, Groves CJ, Coleman RL, van der Heijden AA, Beulens JW, de Keyser CE, Zaharenko L, Rotroff DM, Out M, Jablonski KA, Chen L, Javorský M, Židzik J, Levin AM, Williams LK, Dujic T, Semiz S, Kubo M, Chien HC, Maeda S, Witte JS, Wu L, Tkác I, Kooy A, van Schaik RHN, Stehouwer CDA, Logie L, MetGen Investigators, DPP Investigators, ACCORD Investigators, Sutherland C, Klovins J, Pirags V, Hofman A, Stricker BH, Motsinger-Reif AA, Wagner MJ, Innocenti F, 't Hart LM, Holman RR, McCarthy MI, Hedderson MM, Palmer CNA, Florez JC, Giacomini KM, Pearson ER. Variation in the glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 is associated with glycemic response to metformin. Nat Genet. 2016 09; 48(9):1055-1059.

Yee SW, Momozawa Y, Kamatani Y, Tyndale RF, Weinshilboum RM, Ratain MJ, Giacomini KM, Kubo M. Genomewide Association Studies in Pharmacogenomics: Meeting Report of the NIH Pharmacogenomics Research Network-RIKEN (PGRN-RIKEN) Collaboration. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov; 100(5):423-426.

Rotroff DM, Oki NO, Liang X, Yee SW, Stocker SL, Corum DG, Meisner M, Fiehn O, Motsinger-Reif AA, Giacomini KM, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Pharmacometabolomic Assessment of Metformin in Non-diabetic, African Americans. Front Pharmacol. 2016; 7:135.

Hibma JE, Zur AA, Castro RA, Wittwer MB, Keizer RJ, Yee SW, Goswami S, Stocker SL, Zhang X, Huang Y, Brett CM, Savic RM, Giacomini KM. The Effect of Famotidine, a MATE1-Selective Inhibitor, on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Metformin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016 06; 55(6):711-21.

Chhibber A, French CE, Yee SW, Gamazon ER, Theusch E, Qin X, Webb A, Papp AC, Wang A, Simmons CQ, Konkashbaev A, Chaudhry AS, Mitchel K, Stryke D, Ferrin TE, Weiss ST, Kroetz DL, Sadee W, Nickerson DA, Krauss RM, George AL, Schuetz EG, Medina MW, Cox NJ, Scherer SE, Giacomini KM, Brenner SE. Transcriptomic variation of pharmacogenes in multiple human tissues and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Pharmacogenomics J. 2017 03; 17(2):137-145.

Sook Wah Yee, Kaixin Zhou, Kathleen M. Giacomini. Pharmacogenetics of Metformin. The Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes and Related Traits. 2016 Jan 1; 463-481.

Chien HC, Zur AA, Maurer TS, Yee SW, Tolsma J, Jasper P, Scott DO, Giacomini KM. Rapid Method To Determine Intracellular Drug Concentrations in Cellular Uptake Assays: Application to Metformin in Organic Cation Transporter 1-Transfected Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells. Drug Metab Dispos. 2016 Mar; 44(3):356-64.

Liang X, Chien HC, Yee SW, Giacomini MM, Chen EC, Piao M, Hao J, Twelves J, Lepist EI, Ray AS, Giacomini KM. Metformin Is a Substrate and Inhibitor of the Human Thiamine Transporter, THTR-2 (SLC19A3). Mol Pharm. 2015 Dec 07; 12(12):4301-10.

Yee SW, Lin L, Merski M, Keiser MJ, Gupta A, Zhang Y, Chien HC, Shoichet BK, Giacomini KM. Prediction and validation of enzyme and transporter off-targets for metformin. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2015 Oct; 42(5):463-75.

Lin L, Yee SW, Kim RB, Giacomini KM. SLC transporters as therapeutic targets: emerging opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015 Aug; 14(8):543-60.

Chen EC, Liang X, Yee SW, Geier EG, Stocker SL, Chen L, Giacomini KM. Targeted disruption of organic cation transporter 3 attenuates the pharmacologic response to metformin. Mol Pharmacol. 2015 Jul; 88(1):75-83.

Wen CC, Yee SW, Liang X, Hoffmann TJ, Kvale MN, Banda Y, Jorgenson E, Schaefer C, Risch N, Giacomini KM. Genome-wide association study identifies ABCG2 (BCRP) as an allopurinol transporter and a determinant of drug response. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015 May; 97(5):518-25.

Chen L, Yee SW, Giacomini KM. OCT1 in hepatic steatosis and thiamine disposition. Cell Cycle. 2015; 14(3):283-4.

Chen L, Shu Y, Liang X, Chen EC, Yee SW, Zur AA, Li S, Xu L, Keshari KR, Lin MJ, Chien HC, Zhang Y, Morrissey KM, Liu J, Ostrem J, Younger NS, Kurhanewicz J, Shokat KM, Ashrafi K, Giacomini KM. OCT1 is a high-capacity thiamine transporter that regulates hepatic steatosis and is a target of metformin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 08; 111(27):9983-8.

Goswami S, Yee SW, Stocker S, Mosley JD, Kubo M, Castro R, Mefford JA, Wen C, Liang X, Witte J, Brett C, Maeda S, Simpson MD, Hedderson MM, Davis RL, Roden DM, Giacomini KM, Savic RM. Genetic variants in transcription factors are associated with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Sep; 96(3):370-9.

Clancy JP, Johnson SG, Yee SW, McDonagh EM, Caudle KE, Klein TE, Cannavo M, Giacomini KM, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for ivacaftor therapy in the context of CFTR genotype. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Jun; 95(6):592-7.

Geier EG, Chen EC, Webb A, Papp AC, Yee SW, Sadee W, Giacomini KM. Profiling solute carrier transporters in the human blood-brain barrier. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Dec; 94(6):636-9.

Drake KA, Torgerson DG, Gignoux CR, Galanter JM, Roth LA, Huntsman S, Eng C, Oh SS, Yee SW, Lin L, Bustamante CD, Moreno-Estrada A, Sandoval K, Davis A, Borrell LN, Farber HJ, Kumar R, Avila PC, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Chapela R, Ford JG, Lenoir MA, Lurmann F, Meade K, Serebrisky D, Thyne S, Rodríguez-Cintrón W, Sen S, Rodríguez-Santana JR, Hernandez RD, Giacomini KM, Burchard EG. A genome-wide association study of bronchodilator response in Latinos implicates rare variants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Feb; 133(2):370-8.

Giacomini KM, Balimane PV, Cho SK, Eadon M, Edeki T, Hillgren KM, Huang SM, Sugiyama Y, Weitz D, Wen Y, Xia CQ, Yee SW, Zimdahl H, Niemi M, International Transporter Consortium. International Transporter Consortium commentary on clinically important transporter polymorphisms. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Jul; 94(1):23-6.

Schlessinger A, Yee SW, Sali A, Giacomini KM. SLC classification: an update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Jul; 94(1):19-23.

Yee SW, Mefford JA, Singh N, Percival ME, Stecula A, Yang K, Witte JS, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Matsuda K, Giacomini KM, Andreadis C. Impact of polymorphisms in drug pathway genes on disease-free survival in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. J Hum Genet. 2013 Jun; 58(6):353-61.

Yee SW, Nguyen AN, Brown C, Savic RM, Zhang Y, Castro RA, Cropp CD, Choi JH, Singh D, Tahara H, Stocker SL, Huang Y, Brett CM, Giacomini KM. Reduced renal clearance of cefotaxime in asians with a low-frequency polymorphism of OAT3 (SLC22A8). J Pharm Sci. 2013 Sep; 102(9):3451-7.

Sook Wah Yee, Deanna L. Kroetz, Kathleen M. Giacomini. The Pharmacogenomics of Membrane Transporters Project. Pharmacogenomics of Human Drug Transporters. 2013 Mar 15; 73-108.

Relling MV, Gardner EE, Sandborn WJ, Schmiegelow K, Pui CH, Yee SW, Stein CM, Carrillo M, Evans WE, Hicks JK, Schwab M, Klein TE, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing: 2013 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Apr; 93(4):324-5.

Sook Wah Yee, Joel Mefford, John Witte, Michiaki Kubo, Koichi Matsuda, Kathleen Giacomini, Charalambos Andreadis. Germline Genetic Polymorphisms Are Associated with Disease-Free Survival in Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Genomewide Association Study From the Pgrn-Riken Global Alliance. Blood. 2012 Nov 16; 120(21):2548-2548.

Giacomini KM, Yee SW, Ratain MJ, Weinshilboum RM, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y. Pharmacogenomics and patient care: one size does not fit all. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Sep 26; 4(153):153ps18.

Dubois SG, Geier E, Batra V, Yee SW, Neuhaus J, Segal M, Martinez D, Pawel B, Yanik G, Naranjo A, London WB, Kreissman S, Baker D, Attiyeh E, Hogarty MD, Maris JM, Giacomini K, Matthay KK. Evaluation of Norepinephrine Transporter Expression and Metaiodobenzylguanidine Avidity in Neuroblastoma: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group. Int J Mol Imaging. 2012; 2012:250834.

Smith RP, Lam ET, Markova S, Yee SW, Ahituv N. Pharmacogene regulatory elements: from discovery to applications. Genome Med. 2012 May 25; 4(5):45.

Yee SW, Chen L, Giacomini KM. The role of ATM in response to metformin treatment and activation of AMPK. Nat Genet. 2012 Mar 28; 44(4):359-60.

Choi JH, Yee SW, Ramirez AH, Morrissey KM, Jang GH, Joski PJ, Mefford JA, Hesselson SE, Schlessinger A, Jenkins G, Castro RA, Johns SJ, Stryke D, Sali A, Ferrin TE, Witte JS, Kwok PY, Roden DM, Wilke RA, McCarty CA, Davis RL, Giacomini KM. A common 5'-UTR variant in MATE2-K is associated with poor response to metformin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Nov; 90(5):674-84.

Picard N, Levoir L, Lamoureux F, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Marquet P. Interaction of sirolimus and everolimus with hepatic and intestinal organic anion-transporting polypeptide transporters. Xenobiotica. 2011 Sep; 41(9):752-7.

Matsson P, Yee SW, Markova S, Morrissey K, Jenkins G, Xuan J, Jorgenson E, Kroetz DL, Giacomini KM. Discovery of regulatory elements in human ATP-binding cassette transporters through expression quantitative trait mapping. Pharmacogenomics J. 2012 Jun; 12(3):214-26.

Kim MJ, Skewes-Cox P, Fukushima H, Hesselson S, Yee SW, Ramsey LB, Nguyen L, Eshragh JL, Castro RA, Wen CC, Stryke D, Johns SJ, Ferrin TE, Kwok PY, Relling MV, Giacomini KM, Kroetz DL, Ahituv N. Functional characterization of liver enhancers that regulate drug-associated transporters. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Apr; 89(4):571-8.

Relling MV, Gardner EE, Sandborn WJ, Schmiegelow K, Pui CH, Yee SW, Stein CM, Carrillo M, Evans WE, Klein TE, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Mar; 89(3):387-91.

Yee SW, Gong L, Badagnani I, Giacomini KM, Klein TE, Altman RB. SLC19A1 pharmacogenomics summary. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2010 Nov; 20(11):708-15.

Aboraia AS, Yee SW, Gomaa MS, Shah N, Robotham AC, Makowski B, Prosser D, Brancale A, Jones G, Simons C. Synthesis and CYP24A1 inhibitory activity of N-(2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-phenylethyl)arylamides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Jul 15; 18(14):4939-46.

More SS, Li S, Yee SW, Chen L, Xu Z, Jablons DM, Giacomini KM. Organic cation transporters modulate the uptake and cytotoxicity of picoplatin, a third-generation platinum analogue. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Apr; 9(4):1058-69.

Yee SW, Chen L, Giacomini KM. Pharmacogenomics of membrane transporters: past, present and future. Pharmacogenomics. 2010 Apr; 11(4):475-9.

Schlessinger A, Matsson P, Shima JE, Pieper U, Yee SW, Kelly L, Apeltsin L, Stroud RM, Ferrin TE, Giacomini KM, Sali A. Comparison of human solute carriers. Protein Sci. 2010 Mar; 19(3):412-28.

International Transporter Consortium, Giacomini KM, Huang SM, Tweedie DJ, Benet LZ, Brouwer KL, Chu X, Dahlin A, Evers R, Fischer V, Hillgren KM, Hoffmaster KA, Ishikawa T, Keppler D, Kim RB, Lee CA, Niemi M, Polli JW, Sugiyama Y, Swaan PW, Ware JA, Wright SH, Yee SW, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Zhang L. Membrane transporters in drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 Mar; 9(3):215-36.

Kroetz DL, Yee SW, Giacomini KM. The pharmacogenomics of membrane transporters project: research at the interface of genomics and transporter pharmacology. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jan; 87(1):109-16.

Picard N, Yee SW, Woillard JB, Lebranchu Y, Le Meur Y, Giacomini KM, Marquet P. The role of organic anion-transporting polypeptides and their common genetic variants in mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jan; 87(1):100-8.

Ha Choi J, Wah Yee S, Kim MJ, Nguyen L, Ho Lee J, Kang JO, Hesselson S, Castro RA, Stryke D, Johns SJ, Kwok PY, Ferrin TE, Goo Lee M, Black BL, Ahituv N, Giacomini KM. Identification and characterization of novel polymorphisms in the basal promoter of the human transporter, MATE1. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2009 Oct; 19(10):770-80.

Hesselson SE, Matsson P, Shima JE, Fukushima H, Yee SW, Kobayashi Y, Gow JM, Ha C, Ma B, Poon A, Johns SJ, Stryke D, Castro RA, Tahara H, Choi JH, Chen L, Picard N, Sjödin E, Roelofs MJ, Ferrin TE, Myers R, Kroetz DL, Kwok PY, Giacomini KM. Genetic variation in the proximal promoter of ABC and SLC superfamilies: liver and kidney specific expression and promoter activity predict variation. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 09; 4(9):e6942.

Chen Y, Li S, Brown C, Cheatham S, Castro RA, Leabman MK, Urban TJ, Chen L, Yee SW, Choi JH, Huang Y, Brett CM, Burchard EG, Giacomini KM. Effect of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 2 on the renal elimination of metformin. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2009 Jul; 19(7):497-504.

Chen Y, Teranishi K, Li S, Yee SW, Hesselson S, Stryke D, Johns SJ, Ferrin TE, Kwok P, Giacomini KM. Genetic variants in multidrug and toxic compound extrusion-1, hMATE1, alter transport function. Pharmacogenomics J. 2009 Apr; 9(2):127-36.

Tahara H, Yee SW, Urban TJ, Hesselson S, Castro RA, Kawamoto M, Stryke D, Johns SJ, Ferrin TE, Kwok PY, Giacomini KM. Functional genetic variation in the basal promoter of the organic cation/carnitine transporters OCTN1 (SLC22A4) and OCTN2 (SLC22A5). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Apr; 329(1):262-71.

Yee SW, Shima JE, Hesselson S, Nguyen L, De Val S, Lafond RJ, Kawamoto M, Johns SJ, Stryke D, Kwok PY, Ferrin TE, Black BL, Gurwitz D, Ahituv N, Giacomini KM. Identification and characterization of proximal promoter polymorphisms in the human concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (SLC28A2). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Mar; 328(3):699-707.

Cropp CD, Yee SW, Giacomini KM. Genetic variation in drug transporters in ethnic populations. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Sep; 84(3):412-6.

Cropp CD, Komori T, Shima JE, Urban TJ, Yee SW, More SS, Giacomini KM. Organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7) is a facilitative transporter of cGMP. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Apr; 73(4):1151-8.

Gomaa MS, Yee SW, Milbourne CE, Barbera MC, Simons C, Brancale A. Homology model of human retinoic acid metabolising enzyme cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1): active site architecture and ligand binding. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2006 Aug; 21(4):361-9.

Yee SW, Campbell MJ, Simons C. Inhibition of Vitamin D3 metabolism enhances VDR signalling in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Mar; 98(4-5):228-35.

Saberi MR, Vinh TK, Yee SW, Griffiths BJ, Evans PJ, Simons C. Potent CYP19 (aromatase) 1-[(benzofuran-2-yl)(phenylmethyl)pyridine, -imidazole, and -triazole inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation. J Med Chem. 2006 Feb 09; 49(3):1016-22.

Pautus S, Yee SW, Jayne M, Coogan MP, Simons C. Synthesis and CYP26A1 inhibitory activity of 1-[benzofuran-2-yl-(4-alkyl/aryl-phenyl)-methyl]-1H-triazoles. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 Jun 01; 14(11):3643-53.

Yee SW, Jarno L, Gomaa MS, Elford C, Ooi LL, Coogan MP, McClelland R, Nicholson RI, Evans BA, Brancale A, Simons C. Novel tetralone-derived retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents: synthesis and in vitro evaluation with liver microsomal and MCF-7 CYP26A1 cell assays. J Med Chem. 2005 Nov 17; 48(23):7123-31.

Sook Wah Yee, Claire Simons. Synthesis and CYP24 Inhibitory Activity of 2-Substituted-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one (Tetralone) Derivatives. ChemInform. 2005 Apr 5; 36(14).

Yee SW, Shah B, Simons C. Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of 7-O-substituted-4-methyl-2H-2-chromenone derivatives vs Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2005 Apr; 20(2):109-13.

Yee SW, Simons C. Synthesis and CYP24 inhibitory activity of 2-substituted-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one (tetralone) derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Nov 15; 14(22):5651-4.